The independence paradox in creative expression

ABSTRACT. The following article explores the dynamics of individualism and collectivism and creative expression. Between- and within-cultures differences regarding creative performance of individuals and groups are discussed, with evidence from experimental and nation-scale studies. Special emphasis is placed on how much and why creators manage to build around and even upon the barriers imposed by culturally- or politically-induced conformity pressures and censorship. Some of the paradoxical effects of individualism/collectivism and independence/interdependence on creativity are brought into discussion. pp. 20–25

Keywords: individualism/collectivism; creative dissidence; rebels